mineral

Dyed and polished turquoise

Turquoise, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Opaque blue-green, waxy to subvitreous luster, commonly with mottled matrix; Mohs hardness 5–6, triclinic structure, no prominent cleavage, specific gravity about 2.6–2.9. The unusually vivid, even blue color and polished surface suggest stabilization or dyeing; purple patches may be matrix or treatment effects.

Identified August 15, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Turquoise forms as a secondary copper-aluminum phosphate in arid, oxidized zones of copper deposits, commonly replacing host rock. Most deposits are Cenozoic or younger, though individual deposits vary in age.

Uses & applications

Used for cabochons, beads, carvings, and collectibles; lower-grade material is often stabilized with resin or dyed to improve color and durability.

Geological facts

Its color ranges from sky blue to green depending largely on copper, iron, and water chemistry. It is porous and can discolor or absorb oils, cosmetics, and chemicals.

Field identification & locations

Common sources include Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, Iran, China, and Mexico. Field identification relies on opaque blue-green color, moderate softness, waxy luster, and a white streak; glass or plastic imitations feel lighter or harder and may show bubbles.