metamorphic
Eclogite
Eclogite (omphacite-garnet rock)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Dark green with sparkles or red spots; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Structure: Granular, very dense; Cleavage: Often indistinct/splintery.
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- Dark green with sparkles or red spots
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Dark green with sparkles or red spots; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Structure: Granular, very dense; Cleavage: Often indistinct/splintery.
Formation & geological history
High-pressure, low-temperature metamorphism (eclogite facies) of basalt or gabbro in subduction zones. Common in the Penninic nappe of the Western Alps (Valle d'Aosta region).
Uses & applications
Primarily of scientific interest for studying mantle dynamics; occasionally used as a decorative stone in jewelry or specimen collecting.
Geological facts
Eclogite is often called the 'Christmas Tree Rock' when it features bright green omphacite and red garnet. It represents some of the deepest-crustal rocks ever reaching the surface.
Field identification & locations
Identified by high density and the presence of green pyroxene (omphacite). Abundant in the nearby Matterhorn/Monte Rosa massif region (45.8N, 7.4E).
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