igneous
Granite
Granite (composed of Quartz, Feldspar, and Mica)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pink, white, and black speckled; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained intrusive); Specific gravity: 2.63-2.75
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Pink, white, and black speckled
- Luster
- Dull to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pink, white, and black speckled; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained intrusive); Specific gravity: 2.63-2.75
Formation & geological history
Formed from the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface. Most granites date back to the Precambrian or Paleozoic eras, forming in continental crust via plutonic processes.
Uses & applications
Widely used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, and memorial monuments. Also used as crushed stone for road base.
Geological facts
Granite is the most common igneous rock found on Earth's continents. It can withstand significant pressure and weather, which is why it is used for major structures like the Great Pyramid of Giza's internal chambers.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its distinct crystalline 'salt and pepper' appearance with pink/orange potassic feldspar. Common in mountainous regions and glacial till. Scratch test shows it is harder than glass.
