sedimentary
Flint / Chert Arrowhead
Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)
Hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, typically brown to gray in color, waxy to vitreous luster, cryptocrystalline structure with conchoidal fracture.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, typically brown to gray in color, waxy to vitreous luster, cryptocrystalline structure with conchoidal fracture.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the replacement of calcium carbonate by silica in sedimentary rock formations (like chalk or limestone) over millions of years, followed by human knapping into an artifact.
Uses & applications
Historical and archaeological toolmaking (hunting, cutting, weaponry), and highly prized as a collectible artifact.
Geological facts
Flint and chert were vital to early human survival due to the sharp edges produced upon conchoidal fracture, making them ideal for tools and fire-starting.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its waxy luster, conchoidal fracture surfaces, and distinct human-worked notches and edges; found worldwide where tool-grade stone deposits occur.
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