sedimentary
Flint / Chert Pebble
Microcrystalline quartz (SiO2)
Hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, colors typically gray, brown, black, or white, waxy to vitreous luster, cryptocrystalline structure, conchoidal fracture with no cleavage, specific gravity around 2.60 to 2.65.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, colors typically gray, brown, black, or white, waxy to vitreous luster, cryptocrystalline structure, conchoidal fracture with no cleavage, specific gravity around 2.60 to 2.65.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the chemical replacement of calcium carbonate in limestone or chalk by silica-rich solutions in marine environments over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Historically used for making stone tools, arrowheads, and spark generation in firearms; modern uses include abrasive grinding, ornamental landscaping, and specimen collecting.
Geological facts
Flint was one of the most critical materials for early human survival due to its ability to fracture sharply and create extremely keen edges.
Field identification & locations
Found widely in chalk and limestone deposits, riverbeds, and beaches. Identified by its characteristic smooth, weathered water-worn exterior and sharp conchoidal fracture showing a dense, waxy interior.
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