mineral

Fluorite

Calcium Fluoride (CaF2)

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness: 4 on Mohs scale; Color: Green and purple/violet banding; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Cubic/Isometric; Cleavage: Perfect octahedral in four directions; Specific Gravity: ~3.18.

Hardness: 4 on Mohs scale
Color: Green and purple/violet banding
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified July 26, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms primarily through hydrothermal processes in vein deposits, often associated with metallic ores like lead and zinc, or in cavities of sedimentary rocks like limestone.

Uses & applications

Used as a flux in steelmaking and aluminum production, in the chemical industry to manufacture hydrofluoric acid, in high-performance optical lenses, and widely carved or polished for lapidary, gemstone, and decorative specimens.

Geological facts

Fluorite gave its name to the phenomenon of fluorescence, as many specimens glow strongly under ultraviolet light. It is one of the softest minerals used as an ornamental stone and is famous for displaying a rainbow of color zoning within a single crystal.

Field identification & locations

Identifiable by its distinct cubic cleavage, relative softness (can be scratched by a steel nail or copper coin), vitreous luster, and characteristic color banding. Major deposits are found in China, Mexico, South Africa, Russia, and the USA (Illinois/Kentucky district).