sedimentary
Fossiliferous Limestone
Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) with Biogenic Inclusions
Hardness: 3-4 (Mohs scale), Color: Cream, tan, or light gray, Luster: Dull/Earthy, Crystal Structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline calcite), Cleavage: Perfect rhombohedral in calcite crystals but often obscured by fossils.
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-4 (Mohs scale), Color: Cream, tan, or light gray, Luster: Dull/Earthy, Crystal Structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline calcite), Cleavage: Perfect rhombohedral in calcite crystals but often obscured by fossils.
Formation & geological history
Formed in warm, shallow marine environments through the accumulation of skeletal remains from marine organisms such as mollusks, corals, and crinoids, typically dating from the Paleozoic to Cenozoic eras.
Uses & applications
Used in construction (building stone/aggregate), agriculture (soil conditioner), cement production, and as an ornamental stone in landscaping or interior design.
Geological facts
Limestone covers about 10% of the total surface area of all continents. The Great Pyramids of Giza in Egypt are constructed primarily from fossiliferous limestone.
Field identification & locations
Identify by looking for visible shell fragments or coral imprints. It will effervesce (fizz) strongly when a drop of diluted hydrochloric acid is applied due to its calcite content.
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