sedimentary
Fossiliferous Limestone
Calcium carbonate matrix with macrofossils (CaCO3)
Hardness: 3 on Mohs scale (matrix), Color: Tan, beige, grey with lighter fossil inclusions, Luster: Dull to earthy matrix, vitreous calcite fossils, Cleavage: Poor in matrix, rhombohedral in fossil inclusions, Specific Gravity: 2.5–2.7
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3 on Mohs scale (matrix), Color: Tan, beige, grey with lighter fossil inclusions, Luster: Dull to earthy matrix, vitreous calcite fossils, Cleavage: Poor in matrix, rhombohedral in fossil inclusions, Specific Gravity: 2.5–2.7
Formation & geological history
Formed in warm, shallow marine environments through the accumulation and cementation of organic debris such as shell fragments, corals, or crinoids under marine pressure over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Used in construction, as aggregate, in cement production, soil conditioning, and as educational or decorative fossil display pieces.
Geological facts
Fossiliferous limestones preserve ancient ecosystems, offering paleontologists insights into prehistoric marine life and ancient sea environments.
Field identification & locations
Identified in the field by its reactiveness to dilute hydrochloric acid (fizzing) and the presence of visible, lighter-colored fossilized marine fragments embedded in a fine-grained carbonate matrix.
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