Rock Identifier
Fossiliferous shale or mudstone with a brachiopod fossil (Likely a spiriferid brachiopod fossil in dark shale/mudstone; exact species and age require locality and examination) — fossil
fossil

Fossiliferous shale or mudstone with a brachiopod fossil

Likely a spiriferid brachiopod fossil in dark shale/mudstone; exact species and age require locality and examination

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Dark gray to brown, fine-grained matrix with layered bedding and a prominent ribbed, fan-shaped fossil impression or shell. Matrix hardness is roughly Mohs 2–4; fossil shell may be calcite (Mohs 3), with dull to subvitreous luster and sedimentary lamination.

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Physical properties

Dark gray to brown, fine-grained matrix with layered bedding and a prominent ribbed, fan-shaped fossil impression or shell. Matrix hardness is roughly Mohs 2–4; fossil shell may be calcite (Mohs 3), with dull to subvitreous luster and sedimentary lamination.

Formation & geological history

Formed when marine mud buried and preserved a brachiopod shell, commonly during the Paleozoic Era (about 541–252 million years ago), then lithified into shale or mudstone.

Uses & applications

Primarily a teaching, collecting, and decorative specimen; scientifically valuable for biostratigraphy and reconstructing ancient marine environments, but generally not used commercially.

Geological facts

The radial ribs and bilateral symmetry are characteristic of brachiopods, which are distinct from bivalve mollusks because their two valves are unequal and arranged dorsoventrally.

Field identification & locations

Look for repeated radial ribs, a central fold or sulcus, and alignment with sedimentary bedding; common in Paleozoic marine sedimentary rocks worldwide, especially North America and Europe. Avoid acid testing the fossil unless prepared for possible calcite reaction.