fossil

Fossilized Bone

Permineralized Vertebrate Bone

Hardness varies (typically 5-6 on Mohs scale due to mineral replacement); color ranges from dark brown, black, to grey; luster is dull to vitreous; structure retains the porous trabecular or compact cellular bone microstructure.

Identified August 1, 2026More fossil →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed through permineralization where groundwater rich in minerals like silica or calcium carbonate replaces the original organic components of buried bones over millions of years.

Uses & applications

Valuable for scientific research, museum displays, and fossil collecting.

Geological facts

Fossilized dinosaur or large mammal bones can often retain microscopic cellular structures that allow scientists to study bone histology and pathology millions of years later.

Field identification & locations

Can be identified in the field by its distinct porous bone texture, heavier weight than ordinary rock of the same size, and sometimes the appearance of Haversian canals under magnification. Found in sedimentary rock formations worldwide.