mineral

Galena-bearing quartz rock

Galena (PbS) in quartz gangue, likely with minor sulfides and iron oxides

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Galena is metallic lead-gray, commonly cubic, with perfect cubic cleavage and Mohs hardness 2.5–2.75; quartz is colorless to white, vitreous, and hardness 7. The specimen shows coarse intergrowths and weathered dark sulfide surfaces.

Identified August 23, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed in hydrothermal lead-zinc veins, where hot mineral-rich fluids deposited galena and quartz in fractures; such deposits range from Precambrian to recent geologic ages. Oxidation may produce dull coatings and secondary minerals.

Uses & applications

Galena is an important historical lead ore and may contain silver; quartz is used industrially and as a collector mineral. Specimens are handled carefully because lead-bearing dust and residues are toxic.

Geological facts

A diagnostic feature is galena’s heavy specific gravity, about 7.5, and bright metallic streak; quartz leaves a white streak and scratches glass.

Field identification & locations

Common localities include the United States, Peru, Mexico, Australia, China, and the United Kingdom. Confirm with streak, heft, cubic cleavage, and ideally X-ray or chemical testing; avoid grinding or prolonged handling.