mineral

Galena (likely argentiferous galena)

Galena, PbS; commonly cubic or massive lead sulfide, sometimes containing silver

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Metallic lead-gray to silvery color, bright metallic luster, opaque, very high density (specific gravity about 7.4–7.6), and perfect cubic cleavage; Mohs hardness 2.5–2.75. The specimen appears massive and fractured rather than showing clear cubes.

Identified August 30, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms mainly in hydrothermal sulfide veins and carbonate-replacement deposits when lead- and sulfur-rich fluids precipitate in fractures, commonly with sphalerite, pyrite, and quartz. Most deposits range from Paleozoic to Cenozoic age.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of lead and an important historical source of silver; lead is used in batteries, radiation shielding, alloys, and ammunition. Specimens are collected for their metallic appearance and density.

Geological facts

Galena’s cubic cleavage is distinctive: broken pieces often produce stepped, right-angled surfaces. It can tarnish to dull gray or iridescent coatings and should not be handled around food because lead-bearing dust is toxic.

Field identification & locations

Identify it by unusually heavy weight, metallic gray color, softness, and cubic cleavage; a streak test gives a gray-black streak. Common localities include Missouri, Illinois, Idaho, Colorado, Peru, Mexico, and Australia.