mineral

Galena

Galena (lead sulfide, PbS), likely with associated sulfide minerals

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Metallic gray to black, commonly cubic or massive, with perfect cubic cleavage; Mohs hardness 2.5–2.75 and very high specific gravity (~7.5). The specimen appears dark metallic and possibly partly weathered or coated, so visual identification is provisional.

Identified August 19, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms mainly in hydrothermal veins and carbonate-hosted ore deposits when sulfur-rich fluids precipitate lead sulfide, commonly alongside sphalerite, pyrite, and quartz. Deposits range from Precambrian to recent geological ages.

Uses & applications

Historically the principal ore of lead, used in batteries, radiation shielding, ammunition, and specialized alloys; attractive crystals are collected, though lead-bearing pieces require careful handling.

Geological facts

Galena’s exceptionally high density is often its most diagnostic feature, and fresh surfaces show a bright lead-gray metallic luster. It may tarnish to dull gray or develop white and yellow oxidation products.

Field identification & locations

Look for unusually heavy, metallic-gray material and right-angle cleavage; a streak is lead-gray, but avoid testing by scratching or grinding because dust is toxic. Common localities include Missouri, Illinois, Australia, Peru, Mexico, and England.