mineral

Galena

Lead Sulfide (PbS)

Mohs hardness of 2.5; lead-gray color and streak; metallic luster; cubic crystal structure; perfect cubic cleavage; high specific gravity (approx. 7.4-7.6).

Identified August 4, 2026More mineral →

Explore Galena in the encyclopedia →

Identify your own rocks.

Get a report just like this from any photo, free.

App Store Google Play

Physical properties

Mohs hardness of 2.5; lead-gray color and streak; metallic luster; cubic crystal structure; perfect cubic cleavage; high specific gravity (approx. 7.4-7.6).

Formation & geological history

Formed mainly in hydrothermal veins associated with limestones, and in contact metamorphic zones, often alongside minerals like sphalerite, pyrite, and quartz.

Uses & applications

Historically one of the primary ores of lead; also used for silver extraction when argentiferous, and historically used in crystal radio detectors.

Geological facts

Galena's distinct cubic cleavage means it naturally breaks into small, perfect cubes when struck. It has been mined by humans for thousands of years, dating back to ancient Egypt.

Field identification & locations

Easily identified in the field by its high density (heavy for its size), bright metallic gray luster, and cubic cleavage. Found worldwide, with major deposits in the USA, Australia, Mexico, and Germany.