mineral
Galena
Lead Sulfide (PbS)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness 2.5 on Mohs scale, metallic gray color, bright metallic luster, cubic crystal system, perfect cubic cleavage, high specific gravity around 7.4-7.6.
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Physical properties
Hardness 2.5 on Mohs scale, metallic gray color, bright metallic luster, cubic crystal system, perfect cubic cleavage, high specific gravity around 7.4-7.6.
Formation & geological history
Forms in hydrothermal veins, sedimentary rocks, and replacement deposits from sulfur-rich hot waters, typically associated with limestone.
Uses & applications
Historically the world's primary ore of lead, used in batteries, radiation shielding, and previously in ammunition and ceramics.
Geological facts
Galena has a high lead content of over 86% and was used by ancient Egyptians for cosmetic eyeliner known as kohl.
Field identification & locations
Easily identified by its extreme heaviness, bright metallic luster, and characteristic three-way cubic cleavage that breaks into small cubes.
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