mineral

Galena

Galena (lead sulfide, PbS)

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Typically metallic lead-gray to silver-gray with a bright metallic luster; Mohs hardness 2.5–2.75, very high specific gravity (~7.5), cubic crystal structure, and perfect cubic cleavage. The specimen appears massive or roughly crystalline, though lighting limits certainty.

Identified August 21, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms mainly in hydrothermal veins and carbonate-hosted lead-zinc deposits, commonly with sphalerite, pyrite, and calcite. Most specimens formed during Phanerozoic mineralizing events, with ages varying by deposit.

Uses & applications

Historically the primary ore of lead and an important source of silver; used in batteries, radiation shielding, ammunition, and industrial lead products. Attractive crystals are collected but are not generally used as gemstones.

Geological facts

Its unusually heavy feel and cubic cleavage are highly diagnostic; fresh surfaces may tarnish dull gray. Lead-bearing material should not be licked, powdered, or handled repeatedly without washing hands.

Field identification & locations

Commonly found in Missouri, Illinois, Wisconsin, Colorado, Peru, Mexico, Australia, and the United Kingdom. Confirm with density, cubic cleavage, streak (lead-gray), and professional testing; similar metallic sulfides are usually lighter.