mineral
Galena
Galena (lead sulfide, PbS)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectTypically lead-gray to silver-gray with a bright metallic luster, cubic crystal structure, and perfect cubic cleavage; Mohs hardness 2.5–2.75 and specific gravity about 7.4–7.6. The specimen’s dark metallic, blocky appearance is consistent with galena, though image-only identification is provisional.
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Physical properties
Typically lead-gray to silver-gray with a bright metallic luster, cubic crystal structure, and perfect cubic cleavage; Mohs hardness 2.5–2.75 and specific gravity about 7.4–7.6. The specimen’s dark metallic, blocky appearance is consistent with galena, though image-only identification is provisional.
Formation & geological history
Forms mainly in hydrothermal veins and replacement deposits, commonly with sphalerite, pyrite, calcite, and quartz. Deposits range from Precambrian to recent geological ages.
Uses & applications
Historically the principal ore of lead and an important source of silver; used in batteries, radiation shielding, ammunition, and some industrial alloys. Attractive crystals are collected but should not be handled carelessly because lead-bearing dust is toxic.
Geological facts
Galena’s name derives from an ancient term for lead ore; its cubic cleavage can produce shiny stepped surfaces. Silver-rich galena is called argentiferous galena.
Field identification & locations
Common in Missouri, Illinois, Wisconsin, Colorado, Peru, Mexico, Australia, and the United Kingdom. Identify by its unusually high density, metallic gray color, cubic cleavage, and gray streak; avoid scratching or generating dust and wash hands after handling.
