mineral

Galena

Galena (lead sulfide, PbS)

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Typically lead-gray to silver-gray with a bright metallic luster, cubic crystal structure, and perfect cubic cleavage; Mohs hardness 2.5–2.75 and specific gravity about 7.4–7.6. The specimen’s dark metallic, blocky appearance is consistent with galena, though image-only identification is provisional.

Identified August 27, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms mainly in hydrothermal veins and replacement deposits, commonly with sphalerite, pyrite, calcite, and quartz. Deposits range from Precambrian to recent geological ages.

Uses & applications

Historically the principal ore of lead and an important source of silver; used in batteries, radiation shielding, ammunition, and some industrial alloys. Attractive crystals are collected but should not be handled carelessly because lead-bearing dust is toxic.

Geological facts

Galena’s name derives from an ancient term for lead ore; its cubic cleavage can produce shiny stepped surfaces. Silver-rich galena is called argentiferous galena.

Field identification & locations

Common in Missouri, Illinois, Wisconsin, Colorado, Peru, Mexico, Australia, and the United Kingdom. Identify by its unusually high density, metallic gray color, cubic cleavage, and gray streak; avoid scratching or generating dust and wash hands after handling.