mineral

Galena

Galena (lead sulfide, PbS)

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Typically metallic lead-gray with bright silvery faces, cubic crystal structure, perfect cubic cleavage, Mohs hardness 2.5–2.75, and very high specific gravity (~7.5). The specimen appears as granular/coarsely crystalline galena, possibly with minor sulfide inclusions.

Identified August 15, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms mainly in hydrothermal veins and replacement deposits, often with sphalerite, pyrite, and calcite; many deposits formed during the Paleozoic to Mesozoic eras, though ages vary widely.

Uses & applications

Historically the principal ore of lead, also commonly carrying silver; used in batteries, radiation shielding, weights, and industrial lead products. Attractive crystals are collected but are not generally used as gemstones.

Geological facts

Its cubic cleavage and exceptional heft are diagnostic. Galena dust and weathering products can be toxic because of lead, so avoid ingestion, prolonged dust exposure, and using it for jewelry that contacts skin or food.

Field identification & locations

Identify by heft, metallic gray color, cubic cleavage, and black streak; distinguish from hematite and metallic-looking slag by its softness and cleavage. Common worldwide, including Missouri and Illinois, the U.S. Southwest, Peru, Mexico, Australia, and China.