mineral

Galena

Lead Sulfide (PbS)

Hardness: 2.5 on the Mohs scale. Color: Lead-gray to silver. Luster: Metallic. Crystal Structure: Isometric (cubic). Cleavage: Perfect cubic cleavage in three directions. Specific Gravity: 7.4 - 7.6, making it notably heavy for its size.

Hardness: 2
Color: Lead-gray to silver
Luster: Metallic

Identified July 30, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed in hydrothermal vein deposits, low-temperature ore deposits, and as a replacement mineral in limestone. Can be associated with sphalerite, calcite, quartz, and pyrite.

Uses & applications

Historically one of the primary ores of lead, used for ammunition, batteries, radiation shielding, and historically in early radio receivers (cat's whisker detectors).

Geological facts

Galena is a very dense mineral due to its high lead content. It has a high refractive index and was used in ancient cosmetics like kohl. Its cubic cleavage is one of its most distinctive features.

Field identification & locations

Easily identified by its bright metallic luster, dark gray streak, perfect cubic cleavage, and exceptionally heavy weight compared to other similar-looking minerals. Found worldwide, notably in Missouri (USA), Germany, and Mexico.