mineral

Galena

Galena (lead sulfide, PbS)

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Typically metallic lead-gray with a bright luster, cubic crystal structure, and perfect cubic cleavage; Mohs hardness 2.5–2.75 and specific gravity about 7.4–7.6. The specimen appears to be a small, irregular metallic-gray fragment, though photography alone cannot confirm identity.

Identified September 7, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms mainly in hydrothermal mineral veins, commonly with sphalerite, pyrite, and calcite, when hot fluids deposit sulfides in fractures; deposits range from Precambrian to recent geologic ages. It is especially common in Mississippi Valley-type and other polymetallic ore systems.

Uses & applications

The principal ore of lead and an important historical source of silver; used industrially for lead, batteries, radiation shielding, and weights. It has limited jewelry use because of softness and lead toxicity.

Geological facts

Fresh galena usually shows sharp cubic cleavage and leaves a dark gray streak. Avoid dust, ingestion, and prolonged handling; wash hands because lead compounds are hazardous.

Field identification & locations

Common localities include Missouri, Illinois, Wisconsin, Colorado, Peru, Mexico, Australia, and the United Kingdom. Confirm with a streak test, high density, cubic cleavage, and ideally chemical or X-ray analysis; similar-looking graphite and hematite are lighter or have different streaks.