mineral

Galena

Lead sulfide (PbS)

Hardness: 2.5 on the Mohs scale. Color: Lead-gray, tarnishing to dull gray. Luster: Metallic, bright on fresh cleavage. Crystal structure: Isometric, cubic. Cleavage: Perfect in three directions at 90 degrees (cubic cleavage). Specific gravity: High, approximately 7.4-7.6.

Hardness: 2
Color: Lead-gray, tarnishing to dull gray
Luster: Metallic, bright on fresh cleavage

Identified August 6, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms in hydrothermal veins associated with limestone and other sedimentary rocks, as well as in metamorphic environments, through precipitation from metal-rich hydrothermal solutions at varying temperatures.

Uses & applications

Historically the world's primary ore of lead; also used as a minor source of silver. Used in lead-acid batteries, radiation shielding, ammunition, and historically in crystal radios.

Geological facts

Galena is the most important lead ore mineral. Its distinct cubic cleavage and high specific gravity (it feels noticeably heavy for its size) make it one of the easiest minerals to identify.

Field identification & locations

Found worldwide in hydrothermal vein deposits. Collectors prize well-formed cubic crystal clusters, though it must be handled with care due to its lead content.