mineral

Galena

Galena (lead sulfide, PbS)

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Typically metallic lead-gray to silver-gray with a bright metallic luster, cubic crystal structure, and perfect cubic cleavage; Mohs hardness 2.5–2.75 and specific gravity about 7.4–7.6. The specimen appears to be a rough, partially cubic galena fragment, though image quality limits certainty.

Identified September 12, 2026More mineral →

Explore Galena in the encyclopedia →

Identify your own rocks.

Get a report just like this from any photo, free.

App Store Google Play

Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Galena forms mainly in hydrothermal veins and replacement deposits, commonly with sphalerite, calcite, dolomite, and quartz. It occurs in rocks of many ages, especially within carbonate-hosted and polymetallic ore systems.

Uses & applications

Historically the primary ore of lead, used in batteries, radiation shielding, ammunition, and alloys; attractive crystals are collected. Handle carefully because lead-bearing dust and residues are toxic.

Geological facts

Its unusually high density and cubic cleavage are diagnostic. Galena was also used in early crystal radio receivers.

Field identification & locations

Test for exceptional heft, metallic gray color, and cleavage producing smooth right-angled surfaces; a streak is lead-gray, but avoid unnecessary abrasion. Common localities include Missouri, Illinois, Colorado, Peru, Mexico, Australia, and Morocco.