igneous
Granite
Granite (Phaneritic Quartz-Feldspar-Mica composite)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pink, gray, white, and black; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained); Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.63 to 2.75
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Pink, gray, white, and black
- Luster
- Dull to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pink, gray, white, and black; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained); Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.63 to 2.75
Formation & geological history
Formed by the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface (intrusive). Composed mostly of quartz, orthoclase/plagioclase feldspars, and biotite or hornblende.
Uses & applications
Widely used in construction, countertops, monuments, floor tiles, and as crushed stone for road base.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large part of the continental crust. It is one of the hardest natural stones and has been used since ancient Egypt for building pyramids and obelisks.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its interlocking 'salt and pepper' appearance and visible crystals. Found globally in mountainous regions or where ancient shields are exposed. Collectors look for unique color variations.
