mineral

Goethite–limonite ironstone (iron-rich laterite)

Hydrated iron oxides, chiefly goethite FeO(OH) and limonite (variable mixture)

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Yellow-brown to dark brown, earthy to dull/submetallic luster, porous and strongly weathered; likely hardness about 4–5.5, with no obvious cleavage. Often has high specific gravity relative to ordinary soil or sandstone and may leave a yellow-brown streak.

Identified September 10, 2026More mineral →

Explore Goethite–limonite ironstone (iron-rich laterite) in the encyclopedia →

Identify your own rocks.

Get a report just like this from any photo, free.

App Store Google Play

Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms by intense tropical weathering and oxidation of iron-bearing rocks, concentrating hydrated iron oxides in lateritic soils and ironstone crusts. Such deposits are generally young surface formations, commonly Quaternary to Cenozoic, rather than a single crystallized rock unit.

Uses & applications

Used as iron ore when sufficiently rich, and historically as a yellow-brown pigment. Ordinary porous pieces have limited commercial value but are useful teaching or locality specimens.

Geological facts

The image shows a weathered, iron-stained specimen; the bright ochre color strongly suggests goethite/limonite rather than fresh metallic hematite. It may contain quartz, clay minerals, or residual host rock.

Field identification & locations

Common in tropical regions, including parts of Zambia near the reported location. Test for a yellow-brown streak, unusually heavy feel, and possible attraction to a strong magnet if magnetite is mixed in; a definitive ID needs streak, hardness, and ideally X-ray analysis.