mineral
Gold
Gold (Au)
Hardness: 2.5-3 on Mohs scale. Color: Golden yellow, but can be lighter silver-yellow. Luster: Metallic. Crystal structure: Isometric (cubic). Cleavage: None (hackly fracture). Specific gravity: Very high (approx. 19.3).
- Hardness
- 2
- Color
- Golden yellow, but can be lighter silver-yellow
- Luster
- Metallic
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Physical properties
Hardness: 2.5-3 on Mohs scale. Color: Golden yellow, but can be lighter silver-yellow. Luster: Metallic. Crystal structure: Isometric (cubic). Cleavage: None (hackly fracture). Specific gravity: Very high (approx. 19.3).
Formation & geological history
Formed via hydrothermal veins, hydrothermal fluids, and placer deposits where weathering and erosion concentrate heavy gold particles in river gravels and streams.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in jewelry, electronics, monetary backing, investment assets, and aerospace applications.
Geological facts
Gold is extremely malleable and ductile; a single ounce can be beaten into a sheet measuring 300 square feet or drawn into a wire 50 miles long. It does not tarnish or corrode.
Field identification & locations
Found in quartz veins and placer deposits worldwide, notably in South Africa, Australia, the United States (Alaska, California), and Canada. Identified by its characteristic bright yellow metallic luster, high density, and lack of reactivity to acids.
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