igneous
Granite
Phaneritic Felsic Igneous Rock (primarily Quartz, Feldspar, and Mica)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: speckled salt-and-pepper (white, pink, gray, black); Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained); Specific gravity: 2.63 - 2.75
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- speckled salt-and-pepper (white, pink, gray, black)
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: speckled salt-and-pepper (white, pink, gray, black); Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained); Specific gravity: 2.63 - 2.75
Formation & geological history
Formed through the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface (intrusive). They can be found in continental crust across all geological ages, primarily within mountain belts and cratons.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, curbing, and monuments. Also used as crushed stone in road beds and building foundations.
Geological facts
Granite is one of the hardest substances in the world, second only to diamonds. Famous landmarks like Mount Rushmore and the base of the Statue of Liberty are made from varieties of granite.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its interlocking visible crystals and granular texture. It is a 'continental' rock found in abundance in shield areas like the Appalachians, Rockies, or the Canadian Shield. For collectors, look for high variations in mica (sparkle) or pink potassium feldspar.
