igneous
Granite
Phaneritic plutonic rock (composed of quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase)
Hardness 6-7 on Mohs scale; color varies from white/gray to pink/red with black specks; vitreous to dull luster; granular (phaneritic) crystal structure; poorly defined cleavage; specific gravity of 2.65-2.75.
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Physical properties
Hardness 6-7 on Mohs scale; color varies from white/gray to pink/red with black specks; vitreous to dull luster; granular (phaneritic) crystal structure; poorly defined cleavage; specific gravity of 2.65-2.75.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the slow cooling of silica-rich magma deep beneath the Earth's surface (plutonic) over millions of years, primarily during mountain-building events in various geological eras.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, curbing, monuments, and as crushed stone for road base and concrete aggregate.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large portion of the Earth's continental crust. El Capitan in Yosemite National Park is one of the most famous exposed granite monoliths in the world.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'salt and pepper' appearance with visible interlocking crystals of quartz (clear/gray) and feldspar (white/pink). Found worldwide in mountain ranges and ancient continental shields. Durable and resistant to weathering.
