igneous
Granite
Phaneritic Plutonic Felsic Rock
Hardness (Mohs scale): 6 to 7. Color: Salt-and-pepper (white, grey, and black). Luster: Dull to vitreous. Crystal structure: Phaneritic (visible crystals). Specific gravity: 2.65 to 2.75.
- Color
- Salt-and-pepper (white, grey, and black)
- Luster
- Dull to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness (Mohs scale): 6 to 7. Color: Salt-and-pepper (white, grey, and black). Luster: Dull to vitreous. Crystal structure: Phaneritic (visible crystals). Specific gravity: 2.65 to 2.75.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the slow crystallization of magma below the Earth's surface in continental crust environments. Granite is found in large intrusions called batholiths that can be hundreds of millions of years old.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction (countertops, flooring, monuments), landscaping (paving stones), and as crushed stone for road base.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large portion of the Earth's continental crust. Famous landmarks made of granite include Mount Rushmore and the base of the Statue of Liberty.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its interlocking 'salt and pepper' crystalline texture where minerals like quartz (clear/grey), feldspar (white/pink), and mica (black/shiny) are visible to the naked eye. Found globally in mountainous or eroded shield regions.
