igneous
Granite
Intrusive Igneous Rock
Hardness of 6 on the Mohs scale, typically composed of quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase with minor micas and amphiboles. Color ranges from white and pink to gray and black, depending on the mineral content. Luster is vitreous to dull. Crystalline, phaneritic (coarse-grained) structure.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 6 on the Mohs scale, typically composed of quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase with minor micas and amphiboles. Color ranges from white and pink to gray and black, depending on the mineral content. Luster is vitreous to dull. Crystalline, phaneritic (coarse-grained) structure.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the slow cooling of magma rich in silica and alkali metal oxides beneath the Earth's surface, allowing large mineral crystals to grow. Geological ages vary widely from Precambrian to Cenozoic.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction, architectural facades, monuments, countertops, paving stones, and interior design.
Geological facts
Granite is the most common intrusive rock of Earth's continental crust. Because of its durability, it has been used as a building material since ancient times, including in the construction of the Great Pyramid of Giza's outer casing and chambers.
Field identification & locations
Easily identified by its speckled, salt-and-pepper appearance with distinct interlocking crystals of quartz, feldspar, and dark biotite or hornblende. Found globally in major mountain ranges and continental shields.
