igneous
Granite
Phaneritic Felsic Igneous Rock
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs), Color: Speckled brown, tan, and black, Luster: Vitreous to dull, Crystal structure: Coarse-grained (Phaneritic), Cleavage: Varies by mineral constituent, Specific gravity: 2.63 - 2.75
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs), Color: Speckled brown, tan, and black, Luster: Vitreous to dull, Crystal structure: Coarse-grained (Phaneritic), Cleavage: Varies by mineral constituent, Specific gravity: 2.63 - 2.75
Formation & geological history
Formed from the slow crystallization of magma below the Earth's surface. It is a plutonic rock that makes up much of the continental crust, often dating back to various geological eras including the Precambrian.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, and monuments due to its durability and aesthetic appeal.
Geological facts
Granite is one of the hardest substances in the world. It was used by Ancient Egyptians to build pyramids and remains the most common igneous rock found on Earth's continents.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its speckled 'salt and pepper' appearance and visible interlocking crystals of quartz, feldspar, and mica. It is found in mountain ranges and continental shields worldwide.
