igneous
Granite
Intrusive igneous rock
Hardness of 6 on the Mohs scale, granular texture, composed mainly of quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase. Color varies from pink to gray depending on its chemistry and mineralogy. Luster is typically dull to vitreous in individual crystals.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 6 on the Mohs scale, granular texture, composed mainly of quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase. Color varies from pink to gray depending on its chemistry and mineralogy. Luster is typically dull to vitreous in individual crystals.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the slow cooling of magma rich in silica and alkali metal oxides deep underground, allowing large crystals to grow. Geological age varies widely from Precambrian to Cenozoic.
Uses & applications
Widely used in construction, buildings, monuments, paving, tiles, and countertops due to its durability and aesthetic appeal.
Geological facts
Granite is the most common rock of Earth's continental crust and is rarely found on any other planet. Its interlocking crystal structure makes it extremely strong and resistant to weathering.
Field identification & locations
Easily identified by its visible speckled or granular mineral grains (quartz, feldspar, and mica). Found globally in continental shields, mountain ranges, and intrusive plutons.
