igneous
Granite
Intrusive igneous rock
Hardness of 6 on the Mohs scale, typically colored pink, white, grey, or black with speckled appearance due to mineral crystals, vitreous to dull luster, cryptocrystalline or phaneritic texture with interlocking mineral grains (quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase), specific gravity of 2.65 to 2.75.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 6 on the Mohs scale, typically colored pink, white, grey, or black with speckled appearance due to mineral crystals, vitreous to dull luster, cryptocrystalline or phaneritic texture with interlocking mineral grains (quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase), specific gravity of 2.65 to 2.75.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the slow cooling and crystallization of magma rich in silica and alkali metal oxides beneath the Earth's surface, typically over millions of years in continental crust environments.
Uses & applications
Widely used in construction for dimensional stone, floor tiles, kitchen countertops, monuments, curbing, and facing stone.
Geological facts
Granite is the most common rock of the Earth's continental crust and forms the core of many major mountain ranges. It is extremely durable and weather-resistant.
Field identification & locations
Easily identified by its visibly speckled, interlocking mineral grains, notably clear or grey glassy quartz, opaque pink or white feldspar, and dark flakes of biotite mica. Found worldwide in continental shields and intrusive plutons.
