igneous
Granite
Phaneritic Felsic Igneous Rock
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pinkish-gray mottled with black and white; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained) featuring interlocking crystals of quartz, feldspar, and mica; Cleavage: None (fractures irregularly); Specific gravity: 2.63 to 2.75
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Pinkish-gray mottled with black and white
- Luster
- Dull to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pinkish-gray mottled with black and white; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained) featuring interlocking crystals of quartz, feldspar, and mica; Cleavage: None (fractures irregularly); Specific gravity: 2.63 to 2.75
Formation & geological history
Formed through the slow crystallization of silica-rich magma beneath the Earth's surface (intrusive). They can range from Archean to Cenozoic age, typically forming in continental crust above subduction zones or in orogenic belts.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stone, curbing, and monumental masonry. Also used as crushed stone (aggregate) for road base and concrete.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large portion of the Earth's continental crust. El Capitan in Yosemite National Park is one of the most famous granite monoliths in the world. It is much harder than marble and resistant to acid rain.
Field identification & locations
Identify by looking for a 'salt and pepper' appearance with clearly visible, interlocking mineral grains. Found globally in mountainous regions and shield areas. For collectors, look for specimens with large 'phenocrysts' (extra large crystals).
