igneous
Granite
Phaneritic plutonic rock (Quartz, Alkali Feldspar, and Plagioclase)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Phaneritic (visible grains) mixture of white, gray, and black minerals; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal structure: Crystalline/Massive; Cleavage: None (grains have individual cleavage); Specific gravity: 2.63 - 2.75.
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Luster
- Dull to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Phaneritic (visible grains) mixture of white, gray, and black minerals; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal structure: Crystalline/Massive; Cleavage: None (grains have individual cleavage); Specific gravity: 2.63 - 2.75.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the slow crystallization of magma below the Earth's surface (intrusive). It typically forms in continental crust during mountain-building events and can range from millions to billions of years old.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, and monuments due to its durability and resistance to weathering.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large part of the Earth's continental crust. Famous landmarks like Mount Rushmore and Yosemite's Half Dome are carved from or composed of massive granite formations.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its 'salt and pepper' appearance and large, interlocking mineral grains. It is found in mountain ranges and Shields (like the Canadian Shield). Collectors look for specimens with large crystals or unique accessory minerals like Garnet.
