igneous
Granite
Granite (composed primarily of Quartz SiO2, Potassium Feldspar KAlSi3O8, and Plagioclase)
Coarse-grained (phaneritic) texture with visible interlocking crystals. Color range from pink (due to K-feldspar) to gray and black (biotite/amphibole) and translucent white (quartz). Hardness around 6 to 7 on the Mohs scale. Dull to vitreous luster, granular structure, no specific cleavage as a whole rock.
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Physical properties
Coarse-grained (phaneritic) texture with visible interlocking crystals. Color range from pink (due to K-feldspar) to gray and black (biotite/amphibole) and translucent white (quartz). Hardness around 6 to 7 on the Mohs scale. Dull to vitreous luster, granular structure, no specific cleavage as a whole rock.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the slow cooling and crystallization of silica-rich molten magma deep within Earth's continental crust (plutonic environment). Age varies from Precambrian to modern continental margin arcs.
Uses & applications
Widely used as a dimension stone in construction, kitchen countertops, paving, floor tiles, monuments, and landscaping. Very durable and resistant to weathering.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large portion of Earth's continental crust. Mount Rushmore is carved out of a granite batholith in the Black Hills of South Dakota.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its interlocking 'salt-and-pepper' or pinkish granular texture where individual mineral grains (quartz, feldspar, mica) are clearly visible to the naked eye. Found globally in continental shield areas and mountainous terrains.
