mineral

Graphite

Graphite (C)

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness: 1-2 (Mohs); Color: Dark gray to black, often with a metallic sheen; Luster: Metallic to dull; Crystal structure: Hexagonal, often found in flaky or tabular forms, massive, or earthy; Cleavage: Perfect basal cleavage; Specific Gravity: 2.09-2.23.…

Hardness: 1-2 (Mohs)
Color: Dark gray to black, often with a metallic sheen
Luster: Metallic to dull

Identified October 24, 2025More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed from the metamorphism of carbon-rich sedimentary rocks (like coal or organic shales) under high temperature and pressure. Can also occur in igneous rocks, pegmatites, and hydrothermal veins. Geological age varies depending on the metamorphic event, ranging from Precambrian to relatively recent.

Uses & applications

A major component in 'lead' pencils, lubricants (due to its low friction properties), electrodes, refractories, batteries (especially lithium-ion batteries), and as a moderator in nuclear reactors. High purity graphite is used in aerospace and sporting goods.

Geological facts

Allotropes of carbon include graphite, diamond, and fullerene. Graphite is the most stable form of carbon under standard conditions. Its unique layered structure allows for its excellent lubricating properties and electrical conductivity. It is one of the softest minerals.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its very soft nature (scratches easily with a fingernail), greasy feel, dark gray to black color, metallic luster, and its ability to leave a dark mark (streak) on surfaces. Often found in metamorphic rocks like schist and marble, and in some igneous rocks. Common locations include China, India, Brazil, Canada, and Madagascar. Collectors often seek well-formed crystalline graphite samples or those displaying its distinct flaky habit.

Other mineral specimens

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Sandstone (with potential mineral staining/concretions)

Arenite (SiO2 based)

sedimentary

Mineral Sand (Heavy Mineral Sand Concentrate)

Placer deposit concentrate containing minerals such as ilmenite, rutile, zircon, and magnetite

mineral

Calcite–fluorite mineral specimen with iron-oxide staining

Calcite (CaCO₃), likely fluorite (CaF₂), with possible quartz and iron/manganese oxides

mineral

Septarian Pebble

Septarian nodule / Concretion

sedimentary

Soil with Mineral Detritus and Quartz Fragments

Regolith / Silicate Mineral Aggregate

sedimentary

Schist

Metamorphic