mineral
Graphite
Graphite (Carbon, C)
Mohs hardness of 1 to 2; steel-gray to black color; metallic to earthy luster; hexagonal crystal system; perfect basal cleavage; specific gravity of 2.1 to 2.3.
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Physical properties
Mohs hardness of 1 to 2; steel-gray to black color; metallic to earthy luster; hexagonal crystal system; perfect basal cleavage; specific gravity of 2.1 to 2.3.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the metamorphism of organic-rich carbonaceous sedimentary rocks (like coal or shale) or via hydrothermal processes in igneous rocks.
Uses & applications
Used in pencils, lubricants, lithium-ion battery anodes, refractories, and foundry facings.
Geological facts
Graphite is one of the allotropes of carbon, alongside diamond and fullerenes. Despite being soft enough to leave a mark on paper, its carbon bonds within the sheets are extremely strong.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its greasy feel, dark gray/black streak, and extremely low hardness. Found worldwide in metamorphic terrains, notably in China, Brazil, India, and Madagascar.
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