mineral
Green beryl, likely emerald rough
Beryl, Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈; green color commonly from chromium or vanadium
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectTransparent to translucent, vivid green, vitreous luster, conchoidal-to-uneven fracture, and no obvious cleavage; Mohs hardness 7.5–8, hexagonal crystal structure, specific gravity about 2.63–2.80. The irregular pieces appear rough and possibly recently broken or treated.
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Physical properties
Transparent to translucent, vivid green, vitreous luster, conchoidal-to-uneven fracture, and no obvious cleavage; Mohs hardness 7.5–8, hexagonal crystal structure, specific gravity about 2.63–2.80. The irregular pieces appear rough and possibly recently broken or treated.
Formation & geological history
Forms mainly in hydrothermal veins and pegmatites where beryllium-bearing fluids interact with chromium- or vanadium-rich rocks. Emerald deposits range from Precambrian to younger ages and are notable in Colombia, Zambia, Brazil, Afghanistan, and Ethiopia.
Uses & applications
Fine transparent material is cut as emerald gemstones; lower-grade green beryl is used for specimens and occasionally cabochons. Commercial value depends strongly on color, clarity, treatment, and verified locality.
Geological facts
Emerald is the green variety of beryl; deep saturated green with good transparency is more important than flawlessness. Visual inspection alone cannot confirm emerald versus green beryl, glass, or other green minerals.
Field identification & locations
Check for hexagonal prismatic crystals, hardness greater than ordinary glass, and natural inclusions; avoid relying on scratch tests because they damage specimens. Laboratory testing of refractive index, specific gravity, and spectroscopy is needed for reliable identification.
