mineral
Hematite (Botryoidal / Kidney Ore)
Iron Oxide (Fe2O3)
Hardness: 5.5-6.5 on Mohs scale. Color: Metallic gray to reddish-brown with characteristic reddish-brown streak. Luster: Metallic to dull, earthy. Crystal structure: Trigonal. Specific gravity: 5.26.
- Hardness
- 5
- Luster
- Metallic to dull, earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5.5-6.5 on Mohs scale. Color: Metallic gray to reddish-brown with characteristic reddish-brown streak. Luster: Metallic to dull, earthy. Crystal structure: Trigonal. Specific gravity: 5.26.
Formation & geological history
Formed as a secondary mineral in sedimentary banded iron formations (BIFs), hydrothermal veins, or as an oxidation product of other iron minerals over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Primary ore of iron and steel production. Used in pigments, radiation shielding, heavy media separation, and polished gemstones or mineral specimens.
Geological facts
The red color of hematite gives soil in many regions, as well as the surface of Mars, its distinctive reddish color. The name originates from the Greek word 'haima' meaning blood.
Field identification & locations
Identified in the field by its high density/weight and distinct reddish-brown streak when scratched against unglazed porcelain. Commonly found in major iron-mining regions worldwide.
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