mineral

Hematite (Iron Ore Boulder)

Hematite (Fe2O3)

Hardness 5.5-6.5 on the Mohs scale; Metallic to sub-metallic or earthy luster; Dark reddish-brown to silvery-black color with a characteristic reddish-brown streak; Trigonal crystal system; Specific gravity around 5.26.

Identified July 24, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed as a primary mineral or oxidation product in sedimentary band iron formations (BIFs), hydrothermal veins, or contact metamorphic deposits. Rich in iron oxide, often smooth and rounded by stream or river weathering.

Uses & applications

Primary global source of iron metal for steel production. Also used as a heavy media for coal washing, radiation shielding, pigment (red ochre), polishing compound (jeweler's rouge), and gemstone/lapidary material.

Geological facts

Hematite's name comes from the Greek word 'haima', meaning blood, due to the red color of its powder. Abundant deposits on Mars give the Red Planet its distinctive reddish hue.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its high density/weight, sub-metallic sheen, and distinctly reddish-brown streak when scratched against unglazed porcelain. Commonly found in major iron-mining regions globally, including Minnesota/Michigan (USA), Brazil, Australia, and South Africa.