mineral

Hematite / Red Ochre (Iron Ore)

Hematite (Fe2O3)

Hardness 5.5-6.5 on the Mohs scale; reddish-brown to dark brown earth-like color; dull to earthy luster; trigonal crystal structure; uneven fracture; leaves a characteristic reddish-brown streak.

Identified July 26, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness 5.5-6.5 on the Mohs scale; reddish-brown to dark brown earth-like color; dull to earthy luster; trigonal crystal structure; uneven fracture; leaves a characteristic reddish-brown streak.

Formation & geological history

Formed through hydrothermal processes, sublimation in volcanic activity, or as an alteration product of other iron minerals in sedimentary banded iron formations (BIFs) and weathered soils.

Uses & applications

Primary source of iron for steel production; ground up for pigments in paints, dyes, and cosmetics; used as a polishing compound (jeweler's rouge) and collected as geological specimens.

Geological facts

Hematite is named from the Greek word 'haima' for blood, due to the red color of its powder. It is also abundant on Mars, giving the Red Planet its distinctive hue.

Field identification & locations

Can be identified in the field by its distinct reddish-brown powder and streak test on unglazed porcelain. Commonly found in iron mining districts globally such as the Lake Superior region (USA), Brazil, and Australia.