mineral
Hematite (specular hematite/massive hematite)
Hematite, iron(III) oxide (Fe₂O₃)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectTypically steel-gray to black with metallic or submetallic luster; hardness 5–6.5 Mohs, opaque, with no prominent cleavage and an earthy-red to reddish-brown streak; commonly massive rather than visibly crystalline.
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Physical properties
Typically steel-gray to black with metallic or submetallic luster; hardness 5–6.5 Mohs, opaque, with no prominent cleavage and an earthy-red to reddish-brown streak; commonly massive rather than visibly crystalline.
Formation & geological history
Forms through oxidation of iron-rich minerals, hydrothermal processes, sedimentary chemical precipitation, or metamorphism. Hematite deposits range from Precambrian banded iron formations to younger hydrothermal and weathering environments.
Uses & applications
The principal iron ore, used to manufacture steel and pigments; attractive polished or specular specimens are collected, though this rough piece has modest gem value.
Geological facts
Its diagnostic red streak remains red even when the specimen appears black. Specular hematite can show bright, mirrorlike platelets, while massive hematite commonly has a kidney-shaped or botryoidal texture.
Field identification & locations
Common in Brazil, Australia, India, China, South Africa, and the United States. Confirm with an unglazed porcelain streak test and note that it is generally nonmagnetic or only weakly magnetic; the image’s metallic black, platy surface is consistent with hematite.
