mineral

Hematite

Iron (III) Oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 Mohs; Color: Metallic gray to black (red in powder form); Luster: Metallic; Crystal Structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal; Specific Gravity: 5.26

Hardness: 5
Color: Metallic gray to black (red in powder form)
Luster: Metallic

Identified July 7, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 Mohs; Color: Metallic gray to black (red in powder form); Luster: Metallic; Crystal Structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal; Specific Gravity: 5.26

Formation & geological history

Formed as a primary mineral and as an alteration product in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. Often found in banded iron formations dating back billions of years.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron; used in jewelry (beads, rings), pigments (ochre paints), radiation shielding, and as polishing rouge.

Geological facts

The name comes from the Greek word for blood, 'haima', because it turns red when powdered. It is also responsible for the red color of the surface of Mars.

Field identification & locations

Can be identified by a cherry-red to reddish-brown streak test on unglazed porcelain. It is heavy for its size and often metallic in appearance. Found globally, especially in Brazil, China, and Australia.