mineral

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 Mohs; Color: Metallic gray to black (tumbled); Luster: Metallic to submetallic; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 4.9-5.3

Hardness: 5
Color: Metallic gray to black (tumbled)
Luster: Metallic to submetallic

Identified June 28, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 Mohs; Color: Metallic gray to black (tumbled); Luster: Metallic to submetallic; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 4.9-5.3

Formation & geological history

Forms in sedimentary environments through precipitation from water or as a product of volcanic activity (fumaroles). Most massive deposits are in Banded Iron Formations (BIFs) dating back over 2 billion years.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron; used in heavy industry for steel production; used as a polishing agent (jeweler's rouge), pigment in paints/cosmetics, and for jewelry/beads.

Geological facts

The name comes from the Greek word 'haima' (blood) because of its reddish streak; it is responsible for the red color of Mars' surface. Tumbled specimens are very heavy for their size.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its high density and characteristic reddish-brown streak when rubbed on unglazed porcelain. Commonly found in Brazil, Australia, China, and the Lake Superior region of the USA.