mineral
Honey-colored chalcedony (likely carnelian)
Microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂; orange chalcedony colored by iron oxides
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness 6.5–7 Mohs; translucent orange-brown body, waxy to dull luster, cryptocrystalline structure, and no visible cleavage. The irregular fractures and semi-translucency are consistent with chalcedony, though appearance alone cannot exclude orange calcite or resin.
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Physical properties
Hardness 6.5–7 Mohs; translucent orange-brown body, waxy to dull luster, cryptocrystalline structure, and no visible cleavage. The irregular fractures and semi-translucency are consistent with chalcedony, though appearance alone cannot exclude orange calcite or resin.
Formation & geological history
Forms when silica-rich groundwater fills cavities and fractures in volcanic rocks, with iron producing the orange color; deposits range from ancient to geologically recent. Common sources include India, Brazil, Uruguay, Madagascar, and the United States.
Uses & applications
Used for carvings, cabochons, beads, tumbled stones, and ornamental objects; durable pieces may be used in jewelry.
Geological facts
Carnelian is the orange-red variety of chalcedony, while paler honey-orange material is often sold as orange chalcedony. Heat treatment can intensify its color.
Field identification & locations
In the field, quartz-like hardness, waxy luster, translucent edges, and lack of cleavage support chalcedony; it should scratch glass but not be scratched by a steel knife. Acid reaction or easy scratching would suggest calcite instead.
