mineral

Imperial Topaz

Al2SiO4(F,OH)2

Hardness: 8.0 (Mohs scale); Color: Golden yellow to orange-peach; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal system: Orthorhombic; Cleavage: Perfect basal; Specific gravity: 3.4 - 3.6

Hardness: 8
Color: Golden yellow to orange-peach
Luster: Vitreous

Identified July 18, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 8.0 (Mohs scale); Color: Golden yellow to orange-peach; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal system: Orthorhombic; Cleavage: Perfect basal; Specific gravity: 3.4 - 3.6

Formation & geological history

Formed as a silicate mineral in igneous rocks such as pegmatite and rhyolite, or in cavities in sedimentary rocks. High-quality imperial topaz is most famously associated with the Ouro Preto region of Brazil.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a gemstone in high-end jewelry and as a sought-after specimen for mineral collectors.

Geological facts

Imperial Topaz is the rarest and most valuable variety of topaz. Its name comes from the Russian Tsars of the 19th century who claimed exclusive rights to the pink topaz mined in Russia.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its high hardness (it will scratch quartz), distinct orange-golden hue, and vertical striations on the crystal faces. Common locations include Brazil, Pakistan, and Russia.