mineral

Iron-rich weathered rock, likely limonite/goethite-bearing laterite

Limonite (variable hydrated iron oxides; chiefly goethite, α-FeO(OH))

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Yellow-brown to reddish-brown, earthy to dull/submetallic luster, irregular massive texture, and no visible crystal faces; hardness roughly 4–5.5 for goethite-rich material, with high specific gravity around 3–4.3.

Identified August 12, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms through oxidation and hydration of iron-bearing minerals, commonly as a weathering crust, ironstone, or gossan; its age depends on the host rock and weathering episode, often ranging from recent to Cenozoic.

Uses & applications

Used historically as an iron ore and natural yellow/red pigment; ordinary specimens have little commercial value, while botryoidal goethite or attractive hematite specimens may be collected.

Geological facts

The term “limonite” describes a mixture rather than one strictly defined mineral. Red, yellow, and brown colors reflect differing oxidation states, hydration, and particle size of iron oxides.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its rusty yellow-brown color, earthy texture, heavy feel, and typically yellow-brown streak; it commonly occurs in tropical laterites, oxidized ore zones, caves, and iron-rich soils worldwide.