mineral

Iron-stained quartz (possible citrine/vein quartz)

Quartz, SiO₂, colored by iron-oxide inclusions

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Translucent honey-yellow to orange-brown, glassy to slightly dull luster, irregular fracture, and no obvious cleavage; Mohs hardness 7, specific gravity about 2.65. The rusty coloration likely comes from limonite/goethite coatings or inclusions rather than genuine citrine.

Identified September 1, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Quartz commonly crystallizes from silica-rich hydrothermal veins and fractures, with later weathering producing iron staining. It may be Precambrian to younger depending on the host terrain; the reported Nigerian location is compatible with widespread crystalline basement rocks and quartz veins.

Uses & applications

Used as a decorative or lapidary material when clear and attractive; otherwise mainly a common collector specimen. It is not suitable for major construction use as an isolated piece.

Geological facts

Natural citrine is relatively uncommon; much commercial “citrine” is heat-treated amethyst. Orange coloration concentrated along fractures strongly favors iron-stained quartz.

Field identification & locations

Look for hardness sufficient to scratch ordinary glass, lack of fizz in dilute acid, and a white streak or little streak if tested carefully. Commonly found in quartz veins, alluvial gravels, and weathered basement rocks across Nigeria; confirm with a host-rock context or testing because the image cannot distinguish quartz from chalcedony confidently.