sedimentary
Ironstone / Weathered Hematite
Iron oxide-rich sedimentary rock with Goethite/Hematite
Hardness varies between 5 to 6.5 on the Mohs scale depending on the iron oxide concentration; color ranges from reddish-brown, dark brown, to metallic gray; luster is earthy to sub-metallic; opaque crystal structure; specific gravity around 4.5 to 5.3.
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Physical properties
Hardness varies between 5 to 6.5 on the Mohs scale depending on the iron oxide concentration; color ranges from reddish-brown, dark brown, to metallic gray; luster is earthy to sub-metallic; opaque crystal structure; specific gravity around 4.5 to 5.3.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the chemical precipitation of iron compounds in sedimentary environments, often associated with weathering and oxidation of iron-bearing minerals in soil and rock over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Primarily collected as a geological specimen, sometimes used in landscaping, and historically as an ore for iron extraction.
Geological facts
These types of iron-rich concretions and crusts are often called 'boxwork' or ironstone depending on the specific weathering patterns and local mineral deposition.
Field identification & locations
Easily identified by its heavy weight, distinctive rusty reddish-brown color, and frequent weathering crusts. Found worldwide in sedimentary strata and weathered soil profiles.
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