sedimentary
Jasper / Agate
Silicon dioxide (SiO2)
Hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, waxy to vitreous luster, conchoidal fracture, and displays mixed white, orange, and reddish coloration due to iron oxide impurities.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, waxy to vitreous luster, conchoidal fracture, and displays mixed white, orange, and reddish coloration due to iron oxide impurities.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the deposition of silica-rich fluids in cavities or fractures of host rocks, typically in volcanic or sedimentary environments over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Commonly used in lapidary arts, ornamental carvings, polished display specimens, and gemstone jewelry.
Geological facts
Chalcedony varieties like jasper and agate have been used by humans since Neolithic times to create tools, weapons, beads, and seals.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its waxy luster, hardness capable of scratching glass, and lack of cleavage. Often found in riverbeds, glacial tills, and volcanic regions worldwide.
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